{"id":8836,"date":"2024-04-05T10:24:02","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T10:24:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/?p=8836"},"modified":"2024-04-05T10:25:43","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T10:25:43","slug":"agreements-aggression-and-embargoes-parallels-from-the-past-to-russia-and-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/?p=8836","title":{"rendered":"Agreements, Aggression, and Embargoes: Parallels from the Past to Russia and Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Author: <\/b>John Golden<\/span><\/p>

Affiliation: <\/b>Graduate Student at the<\/span> Columbia Business School and Columbia School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Surface Warfare Officer in the U.S. Navy (Reservist after 5-years active duty)<\/span><\/p>

Organization\/Publisher: <\/b>Journal of International Affairs\/ School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University<\/span><\/p>

Date\/Place:<\/b> May 4, 2022\/UK<\/span><\/p>

Type of Literature: <\/b>Analysis<\/span><\/p>

Word Count: <\/b>1518<\/span><\/p>

Link: <\/b>https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MPYxYS<\/span><\/a><\/p>

Keywords:<\/b> Sanctions, Russia, US, Ukraine, Japan, Pearl Harbor<\/span><\/i><\/p>

Brief:<\/b><\/p>

This author draws historical parallels between the West\u2019s sanctions-based policy against Russia and a similar situation with Japan back in 1941. He argues that the same policies led to the Pearl Harbor attack that fueled WWII. The article outlines the historical trajectory that predated Pearl Harbor. In 1940, the US\u2019s mix of embargos, diplomacy, and negotiation failed to deter Japan in the wake of its signing the Tripartite Pact, and Japan\u2019s invasion of Indochina. Consequently, Japan escalated by occupying airfields, to which the US responded by freezing Japan\u2019s assets and suspending oil exports that were crucial to Japan. Knowing that the US was dependent on tin and rubber to build military equipment, Japan carried out the preemptive attack on Pearl Harbor ahead of expanding into the East Indies, where 90% of the world\u2019s rubber and tin originate. Luckily for the US, however, its carriers were not in port. As a result, Washington made the decision to enter WWII. In comparison with the current Ukraine situation, while Russia has indeed brought war to the heels of Europe, the world is not at a global state of war. Second, nuclear weapons had not been existent at that point. Third, Japan was an importer of oil, while Russia exports gas. Fourth, Russia has no alliances as had Japan with the Tripartite Pact. Despite these differences, the author stresses that \u201cIt would be foolish to not look at the past to draw some parallels from the last time large scale sanctions and trade embargoes were imposed on a major world power.\u201d In both cases, economic sanctions have failed to deter the aggressor. To the contrary, despite assurances from the West of not wanting to escalate, similar heightened economic sanctions on Japan ultimately led to Pearl Harbor. The West is dependent on Russian gas exports whose revenues are still funding the invasion to this day. To that end, the geopolitics of energy have become more prominent than any time since the 1970s.\u00a0 The author recommends that \u201cthe [US] and its allies must review the missteps in the lead up to the attack on Pearl Harbor and avoid economic sanctions that spiral into a military conflict between the two countries with the world\u2019s largest nuclear weapons arsenals.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


By: <\/b>Hamza Amer, <\/span>CIGA Research Assistant<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Author: John Golden Affiliation: Graduate Student at the Columbia Business School and Columbia School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Surface Warfare Officer in the U.S. Navy (Reservist after 5-years active duty) Organization\/Publisher: Journal of International Affairs\/ School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University Date\/Place: May 4, 2022\/UK Type of Literature: Analysis Word […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":8837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-europe"],"blocksy_meta":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg.webp",1600,900,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-300x169.webp",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-768x432.webp",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-1024x576.webp",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-1536x864.webp",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg.webp",1600,900,false]},"author_info":{"info":["CIGA Staff"]},"category_info":"Europe, Russia, Oceania<\/a>","tag_info":"Europe, Russia, Oceania","comment_count":"0","rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg.webp",1600,900,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg.webp",1600,900,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg.webp",1600,900,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-300x169.webp",300,169,true],"large":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-1024x576.webp",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg-1536x864.webp",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Ukraine.jpg.webp",1600,900,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"CIGA Staff","author_link":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/?author=23"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Europe, Russia, Oceania<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Author: John Golden Affiliation: Graduate Student at the Columbia Business School and Columbia School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Surface Warfare Officer in the U.S. Navy (Reservist after 5-years active duty) Organization\/Publisher: Journal of International Affairs\/ School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University Date\/Place: May 4, 2022\/UK Type of Literature: Analysis Word…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8836"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8836\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geopoliticalcompass.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}